Effect of soil salinity on plants
When the soil is saline, the rate at which seeds absorb moisture slows down significantly. The seeds cannot rise to the necessary moisture level for proper germination. In some cases, the germination of seeds not only slows down but may stop completely. As the salinity of the soil increases, the osmotic pressure of the soil solution exceeds the plant's ability to absorb water. As a result, it becomes difficult for plants to take in water. In such conditions, a state known as the physiological dryness of the soil occurs. That is, despite the presence of moisture in the soil, the plant is unable to absorb enough water. As a result, its vitality deteriorates, and its development slows down.
The resistance of plants to salt stress depends on the following factors:
– The species, variety, and age of the plant;
– The type of soil and the composition of salts in it;
– The moisture level of the soil;
– The amount of nutrients in the soil;
– The climatic conditions of the region.
The causes of excessive moisture and soil salinity are typically divided into two groups:
I. Natural factors:
– Precipitation (snow and rain);
– Geomorphological conditions;
– Hydrological conditions;
– Hydrogeological conditions.
II. Anthropogenic factors:
– Irrigation and agricultural practices.