Cleaning and Sorting of Cotton Seeds

    Cotton seeds grown from last year's harvest and prepared for the current harvest undergo a period of dormancy for 1.5-2 months, after which they are fully processed through the technological process to obtain seed cotton. In enterprises, technological equipment ensures the purity from residual products, ensuring that the seed material is free of impurities.

    De-fiberization. De-fiberized seed cotton differs from fiber-containing seed cotton in that the sprouts emerge earlier, and the plants grow well. Fiber-containing seeds are less susceptible to diseases and pests. During de-fiberization, particular attention should be paid to the mechanical damage of the seeds. Seeds are de-fiberized using both mechanical and chemical methods. When planting, de-fiberized seeds are used in smaller quantities compared to fiber-containing seeds. Specifically, on average, 25-30 kg of de-fiberized seeds and 55-60 kg of fiber-containing seeds are used per hectare. De-fiberized seeds result in earlier sprouting.

    In Andijan, Jizzakh, Kashkadarya, Syrdarya, Tashkent, and Fergana regions, 100% of the produced seed cotton is de-fiberized, in Bukhara and Namangan regions it is 70-80%, in Navoi region 44%, in Samarkand and Surkhandarya regions it is 20-25%, and in the Republic of Karakalpakstan and Khorezm region, it is 1.5-2.4%.

    Chemical Treatment. In 42 seed preparation enterprises across the country, seed cotton is treated with chemicals and packaged. The seeds are treated with P-4, Bahor, Dalbron, and Kruizer preparations, which prevent diseases such as root rot, gommosis, fusarium wilt, and pests like aphids and thrips. During the treatment process, the consumption of the solution per ton of seeds is 25 liters for fiber-containing seeds and 20 liters for de-fiberized seeds.

Exceeding the standard amount of solution can lead to mold formation during the storage process.