Vital Elements for Plants: Soil and Environmental Balance
There are 92 natural chemical elements on Earth, of which only 18 are vital for plant life. These elements play a key role in healthy plant growth, increasing yield, and maintaining ecological balance. Fifteen of these elements are delivered to plants through the soil, while three elements (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) are obtained from water and air. The balance of these elements is crucial for the synthesis of substances that plants need to survive.
Essential Elements for Plants
Macronutrients
➖Nitrogen (N) – necessary for the synthesis of green leaves and proteins.
➖Phosphorus (P) – important for root development and energy exchange.
➖Potassium (K) – helps plants withstand stress and maintain water balance.
➖Calcium (Ca) – strengthens cell walls.
➖Magnesium (Mg) – plays a key role in chlorophyll formation and is essential for photosynthesis.
➖Sulfur (S) – is part of proteins and enzymes.
Micronutrients
➖Iron (Fe) – necessary for chlorophyll formation and enzyme activity.
➖Manganese (Mn) – works as a catalyst for enzymes.
➖Zinc (Zn) – involved in hormone production and plant growth.
➖Boron (B) – helps with pollen growth and seed formation.
➖Copper (Cu) – plays an important role in the plant's energy metabolism.
➖Molybdenum (Mo) – aids in nitrogen assimilation.
Nitrogen deficiency leads to yellowing of leaves and slowed growth. Phosphorus deficiency prevents proper root development, making the plant more susceptible to stress. The pH level in the soil strongly influences the ability of plants to absorb nutrients. For example, when the soil is too acidic, the absorption of phosphorus and magnesium becomes more difficult.
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which are taken from water and air, are the main sources for the photosynthesis process. By identifying which element is lacking, it is possible to ensure accurate and balanced fertilization. This knowledge is crucial not only for improving soil fertility but also for implementing sustainable agriculture practices.
